Learn from real security vulnerabilities and how Orbis AppSec fixed them
A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `src/simmonitor/db/hoeldb.c`, where fixed-size heap buffers (150 and 250 bytes) were allocated with `malloc()` and then written to using `sprintf()` without any bounds checking. The fix replaces these unsafe patterns with `asprintf()` for dynamic allocation and `calloc()` for row data buffers, eliminating both the overflow risk and a related uninitialized memory hazard.
A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-41676) was discovered in the `rust-openssl` crate (version 0.10.73) used in the `apps/rust-sdk` component, as flagged by the Trivy scanner in `Cargo.lock`. The fix upgrades the `openssl` crate from `0.10.73` to `0.10.80` and `openssl-sys` from `0.9.109` to `0.9.116`, closing an exploitable attack surface in production code that handles user-influenced input. Because the Rust SDK sits in the production codebase, any attacker able to reach the OpenSSL code p
CVE-2026-26217 is a critical Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in Crawl4AI versions prior to 0.8.0, where the Docker API fails to restrict `file://` URL schemes, allowing attackers to read arbitrary files from the host filesystem. The fix upgrades `crawl4ai` from `0.7.6` to `0.8.0` in `pyproject.toml` and `uv.lock`, closing a direct path to sensitive file exfiltration in any containerized deployment using this library.
A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `audio_backend.c`, where the audio ring buffer's `memcpy` operations lacked bounds validation before writing PCM data. Without checking that incoming data sizes fell within the allocated buffer's capacity, a maliciously crafted audio file could corrupt adjacent heap memory, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution. The fix adds a concise pre-flight validation guard that rejects out-of-range write requests before any memory oper
A high-severity vulnerability was discovered in PaddleOCR's deployment configuration where model download URLs were specified using unencrypted `http://`, exposing users to man-in-the-middle attacks that could allow an attacker to intercept and replace model files with malicious ones. The fix upgrades all model download URLs to use `https://`, ensuring encrypted transmission and integrity of the downloaded files. This change is a critical security baseline for any application that downloads bina
A high-severity privilege escalation vulnerability was discovered in a Docker Compose configuration where the `nginx` service lacked the `no-new-privileges` security option and was running with a writable root filesystem. These misconfigurations could allow a compromised container process to gain elevated permissions or download and execute malicious payloads. The fix applies defense-in-depth by adding `no-new-privileges:true`, enforcing a read-only root filesystem, and redirecting writable path
A medium-severity mass assignment vulnerability was identified in a Ruby on Rails model that lacked proper attribute whitelisting via `attr_accessible` or strong parameters. Without this protection, attackers can manipulate any model attribute through crafted HTTP requests, potentially escalating privileges or corrupting data. The fix enforces explicit attribute allowlisting, closing the door on unauthorized mass assignment exploitation.
CVE-2021-29937 is a critical memory safety vulnerability in the Rust `telemetry` crate (versions prior to 0.1.3) that allows freeing uninitialized memory, leading to undefined behavior, potential crashes, and possible code execution. The fix involves upgrading the crate from version 0.1.0 to 0.1.3, which patches the unsafe memory handling at the root cause. Despite Rust's reputation for memory safety, this vulnerability demonstrates that `unsafe` code blocks can still introduce serious bugs that
A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in the SSDP control point implementation (`ssdp_ctrlpt.c`), where multiple unbounded `strcpy` and `strcat` operations constructed HTTP request buffers without any length validation. Network-received SSDP response fields — including service type strings and location URLs — could be crafted by an attacker to exceed buffer boundaries, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution or denial of service. The fix replaces the unsa
A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `lib/OpdsParser/OpdsParser.cpp`, where the buffer allocation size was calculated *after* a fixed chunk size was used to allocate memory, meaning the actual bytes read could exceed the allocated buffer. On embedded devices parsing untrusted OPDS catalog data from the network, this flaw could allow a remote attacker to corrupt heap memory and potentially achieve arbitrary code execution. The fix was elegantly simple: move the `toRead`
A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the BLE MIDI packet assembly code of `blemidi.c`, where attacker-controlled packet length values could trigger writes beyond allocated heap memory. The fix adds an integer overflow guard before the `malloc` call, ensuring that maliciously crafted BLE MIDI packets can no longer corrupt heap memory. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it is remotely exploitable by any nearby Bluetooth device — no physical access requi
A high-severity vulnerability was discovered in `lvl_script_commands.c` where the use of the non-reentrant `strtok()` function during level script parsing created conditions for memory corruption and potential arbitrary code execution. The fix replaces all `strtok()` calls with the thread-safe `strtok_r()` variant, eliminating shared global state that could be exploited through maliciously crafted level files. This change is part of a broader effort to harden the game's script parsing pipeline a