Category

Critical Vulnerability

Security vulnerabilities and automated fixes for critical vulnerability issues

24 posts found

critical6 min

How buffer overflow happens in C sprintf() and how to fix it

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the ArrowTest() function in main/main.c, where sprintf() was writing formatted strings to a 24-byte buffer without bounds checking. By replacing sprintf() with snprintf() and specifying the buffer size, the vulnerability was eliminated, preventing attackers from corrupting heap memory through oversized width or height parameters.

#buffer-overflow#c-security#sprintf+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 12, 2026
critical7 min

How unsafe realloc() and memcpy() causes buffer overflow in C email parsing and how to fix it

A critical vulnerability in `email/receive.cpp` allowed attackers to trigger a buffer overflow by sending crafted emails with large payloads. The `writefunc()` callback failed to validate that `realloc()` succeeded before writing to the reallocated pointer, risking NULL pointer dereference and potential code execution. The fix adds a simple bounds check that validates the realloc result before use.

#buffer-overflow#c-security#memory-safety+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jun 3, 2026
critical8 min

Unbounded strcpy() in FreezeProject/fs.c: How Four Lines Fixed a Critical Buffer Overflow

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `FreezeProject/src/fs.c`, where a custom `strcpy()` implementation was used at four separate call sites to copy user-controlled filenames into fixed-size buffers without any length checking. An attacker could supply a filename longer than the destination buffer to corrupt adjacent memory, potentially hijacking control flow or crashing the filesystem. The fix introduces a bounded `safe_strncpy()` helper that enforces the `MAX_FILENAME` li

#buffer-overflow#c-security#filesystem+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jun 1, 2026
critical8 min

Heap Buffer Overflow in libyep.c: How sprintf at Line 483 Put Your File Paths at Risk

A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `libyep.c` where an unchecked `sprintf()` call at line 483 could overwrite adjacent memory structures when file path strings exceeded the allocated buffer size of `node->name`. The fix replaces three unsafe string operations across lines 433, 454, and 483 with bounds-checked `snprintf()` equivalents, eliminating the risk of memory corruption and potential code execution. This change is a textbook example of how a single missing size

#buffer-overflow#c-security#memory-safety+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jun 1, 2026
critical10 min

Critical Buffer Overflow in NCO Filter String Construction: How strcat() Without Bounds Checking Can Corrupt Memory

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in the NetCDF Operators (NCO) library, specifically in the filter string construction loop within `nco_flt.c`. The flaw stemmed from repeated use of `strcat()` and `sprintf()` without any bounds checking, allowing an attacker to supply crafted filter specifications that overflow a fixed-size buffer and corrupt adjacent memory. The fix replaces these unsafe calls with bounds-aware `snprintf()` invocations that track the current w

#buffer-overflow#c-security#memory-safety+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical7 min

Stack Buffer Overflow in Kernel HAL: How vsprintf Almost Became a Ring-0 Exploit

A critical stack buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the ARM Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) initialization code, where an unchecked `vsprintf()` call could allow an attacker to overwrite the stack frame and achieve arbitrary code execution at the kernel level (ring-0). The fix replaces `vsprintf()` with `vsnprintf()` — a single-character change with enormous security implications. Left unpatched, this vulnerability could have allowed malicious hardware enumeration data or boot-time

#buffer-overflow#kernel-security#c-programming+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical9 min

Critical Buffer Overflow in VMS Mail: How strcpy() Became a Security Nightmare

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in `sys/vms/vmsmail.c`, where eight unchecked calls to `strcpy()` and `strcat()` allowed externally-sourced mail message content to overflow fixed-size buffers. An attacker capable of sending a crafted VMS mail message could overwrite stack return addresses, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution. The fix replaces all dangerous string operations with bounds-checked `snprintf()` calls, eliminating the overflow risk entire

#buffer-overflow#c-security#strcpy+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical8 min

Critical Buffer Overflow in OpenCC C Library: How a sprintf() Call Became a Security Vulnerability

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the OpenCC C library's configuration reader, where an unbounded `sprintf()` call could allow attackers to overflow a fixed-size buffer by supplying malformed configuration files with excessively long path components. The fix replaces `sprintf()` with `snprintf()` and adds proper line-length validation to prevent memory corruption attacks. Left unpatched, this vulnerability could have allowed attackers to overwrite return addresses and fu

#buffer-overflow#c-security#sprintf+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical8 min

Critical Null Pointer Dereference Fixed in Wii Input Handler: How One Missing NULL Check Could Crash Your Game

A critical null pointer dereference vulnerability was discovered in `source/input.c`, where the `GetIRPointer()` function accessed WPAD controller data without first verifying the pointer was valid. An attacker or unexpected hardware state could trigger this flaw to crash the application or, in more sophisticated scenarios, redirect execution flow. The fix adds a single but essential NULL check before dereferencing the pointer, closing the door on this class of vulnerability entirely.

#null-pointer#c-programming#input-handling+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical8 min

Critical Heap Buffer Overflow in neural_web.c: How an Unsafe strcpy() Almost Took Down Production

A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in `src/neural_web.c`, where an unbounded `strcpy()` call allowed attacker-controlled input to overflow a fixed-size buffer in the context cache structure. Left unpatched, this flaw could have enabled arbitrary code execution or denial of service by crafting malicious input vectors passed to the `categorizeInput` function. The fix introduces proper bounds checking, closing a confirmed-exploitable attack surface in productio

#buffer-overflow#c-security#heap-corruption+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 28, 2026
critical9 min

Critical Buffer Overflow in Vertex Array Copy: How Integer Math Kills Security

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in `src/gl/array.c`, where the vertex array copy function computed `memcpy` sizes from unvalidated user-controlled parameters, enabling attackers to trigger massive out-of-bounds memory writes. The bug combined two dangerous arithmetic pitfalls — unsigned integer underflow and multiplication overflow — creating a perfect storm for memory corruption. This fix closes a path that could lead to remote code execution, data corruption

#buffer-overflow#integer-overflow#c-security+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 21, 2026
critical9 min

Buffer Overflow in C: How Unbounded strcpy() Calls Enable Code Execution

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in `src/dclock/clocktime.c`, where multiple unbounded `strcpy()` calls copied untrusted data into fixed-size buffers without any length validation. Left unpatched, these flaws could allow an attacker to overwrite stack memory and achieve arbitrary code execution — one of the most severe outcomes in software security. This post breaks down how the vulnerability works, how it was fixed, and what every C developer should know to pr

#buffer-overflow#c-security#cwe-120+4 more
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orbisai0security
May 15, 2026