Category

Cryptography

Security vulnerabilities and automated fixes for cryptography issues

32 posts found

Cryptographic vulnerabilities include use of weak algorithms, improper key management, insufficient randomness, and incorrect implementation of encryption protocols. These flaws can expose sensitive data, enable man-in-the-middle attacks, or allow forged authentication tokens.

Related CWEs

CWE-327CWE-328CWE-330CWE-326

Affected Languages

PythonJavaNode.jsGoCC++
critical7 min

How Unsafe Random Functions Happen in Node.js Form Data and How to Fix It

CVE-2025-7783 is a critical vulnerability in the `form-data` npm package caused by the use of an unsafe random number generator to produce multipart form boundaries, making those boundaries predictable by an attacker. The fix upgrades `form-data` to versions 2.5.4, 3.0.4, and 4.0.4, which replace the weak random function with a cryptographically secure alternative. This change was applied to the `example-apps/collector/package-lock.json` and `package.json` files in the Instana collector example

#cryptography#nodejs#npm+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical9 min

How Plaintext Token Storage happens in TypeScript/Tauri and how to fix it

A critical vulnerability in a Tauri desktop application allowed GitHub API tokens with full `repo` scope to be written to plaintext local storage files via the `getAllSettings()` function in `src/config/settings.ts`. Any process with filesystem access — including malware, other apps, or a logged-in attacker — could silently extract these tokens. The fix introduces a `SENSITIVE_KEYS` exclusion set that prevents credentials from being serialized to disk.

#cryptography#typescript#tauri+3 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical8 min

How Weak Randomness Happens in Node.js WS-Security and How to Fix It

A critical vulnerability in `src/security/WSSecurity.ts` used `Math.random()` to generate nonces for WS-Security UsernameToken authentication, making nonces statistically predictable and defeating replay protection. By replacing the insecure SHA1-hashed random value with `crypto.randomBytes(16)`, the fix ensures nonces are cryptographically unpredictable. This change protects all downstream consumers of this Node.js SOAP library from nonce-prediction attacks on WS-Security authenticated endpoint

#cryptography#typescript#nodejs+2 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical7 min

How Implicit TLS Certificate Verification Happens in Python and How to Fix It

A critical security vulnerability was discovered in `plugins/python-build/scripts/add_cpython.py` where `requests.get()` calls to the GitHub API and OpenSSL release endpoints lacked explicit TLS certificate verification enforcement and consistent error handling. While Python's `requests` library defaults to `verify=True`, the absence of explicit enforcement and centralized error handling left the build tool exposed to man-in-the-middle attacks that could inject malicious package data. The fix in

#cryptography#python#tls+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical8 min

How Unauthenticated API Endpoints happen in Node.js Express and how to fix it

The `/token` endpoint in `plugin/multiplex/index.js` generated presentation control tokens without verifying the requester's identity, allowing any attacker with network access to seize control of a live reveal.js presentation. The fix restricts token generation to localhost-only requests and replaces a broken cryptographic primitive with a proper SHA-256 hash. Together, these changes eliminate both the access-control gap and a secondary cryptographic weakness in a single targeted patch.

#authentication#nodejs#express+2 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical9 min

How Unsafe Random Functions Happen in Node.js form-data and How to Fix It

CVE-2025-7783 is a critical vulnerability in the `form-data` npm package caused by its use of an unsafe random function to generate multipart form boundaries. This flaw allows attackers to predict boundary values, potentially enabling them to manipulate or inject content into multipart requests. The fix upgrades `form-data` to version 4.0.6 and enforces this version across the entire dependency tree using a `package.json` `overrides` directive.

#cryptography#nodejs#npm+3 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical7 min

How Unsafe Random Function Usage Happens in Node.js form-data and How to Fix It

CVE-2025-7783 is a critical vulnerability in the `form-data` npm package caused by its use of an unsafe random function to generate multipart form boundaries. Versions 2.3.3 and 4.0.5 were affected, and the fix upgrades the package to 4.0.6 (consolidating previously split nested versions) while eliminating the predictable boundary generation. Attackers who could predict or influence multipart boundaries could craft malicious payloads that escape intended field boundaries.

#cryptography#nodejs#npm+3 more
A
anupamme
Aug 26, 2026
critical6 min

How Unsafe Random Number Generation in form-data Compromises Multipart Form Security and How to Fix It

CVE-2025-7783 exposes a critical vulnerability in the form-data library where unsafe random number generation was used for generating multipart form boundaries, potentially allowing attackers to predict boundary values and manipulate form data. The fix upgrades form-data to versions 4.0.6, 3.0.4, and 2.5.4, which implement proper cryptographic randomness and update security-critical dependencies like hasown and mime-types.

#cryptography#javascript#node-js+2 more
A
anupamme
Aug 25, 2026
critical5 min

How Unsafe Random Function Vulnerabilities Happen in Node.js and How to Fix Them

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-7783) was discovered in the popular `form-data` npm package where an unsafe random function was used to generate boundary strings for multipart form data. This weakness could allow attackers to predict boundary values and potentially inject malicious content into HTTP requests. The fix upgrades form-data to patched versions (2.5.4, 3.0.4, or 4.0.4) that use cryptographically secure random number generation.

#security#nodejs#npm+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 21, 2026
high6 min

How Weak bcrypt Salt Rounds Happen in Node.js and How to Fix It

A critical password hashing weakness was discovered in the authentication controller where bcrypt was configured with only 10 salt rounds instead of the recommended minimum of 12. This configuration made user passwords significantly more vulnerable to brute-force attacks if an attacker gained access to the password hash database. The fix was a simple but impactful one-line change that doubles the computational cost required to crack passwords.

#security#password-hashing#bcrypt+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 16, 2026
medium5 min

How Insufficient Password Hashing Cost Factor Happens in Node.js and How to Fix It

A bcrypt password hashing implementation in the User.js model was using a cost factor of 10, which falls below OWASP's 2024 recommendation of 12 for applications handling sensitive data. This fix upgrades the salt rounds from 10 to 12, increasing the computational work required to crack passwords by approximately 4x, significantly improving protection against brute-force attacks on this e-commerce platform.

#security#password-hashing#bcrypt+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 8, 2026
critical6 min

How Hardcoded Cryptographic Keys in JavaScript Proxy Scripts Get Exposed and How to Fix Them

A critical vulnerability was discovered in `ghs/91Pornad.js` where AES encryption keys, initialization vectors, and HMAC signing salts were stored as plaintext string constants in a publicly distributed proxy script. Since these scripts are fetched from GitHub raw URLs by Quantumult X and Surge users, anyone could extract the cryptographic credentials and forge API requests or decrypt responses. The fix applies base64 encoding via `atob()` to obfuscate the sensitive values at rest.

#security#javascript#hardcoded-credentials+4 more
A
anupamme
Aug 7, 2026