Express

Defending Against Rate Limit Bypass: Securing Express Applications from IP Spoofing

A critical rate limiting vulnerability in an Express.js application allowed attackers to bypass API throttling through IP rotation and header manipulation. This fix demonstrates how improperly configured rate limiters can be circumvented through proxy networks, VPNs, and forged X-Forwarded-For headers, potentially enabling brute force attacks, credential stuffing, and resource exhaustion.