Security Research

Security Blog

Page 19

critical11 min

Critical File Upload Vulnerability Fixed: How Unrestricted Uploads Put Flask APIs at Risk

A critical security vulnerability was discovered and patched in a Flask REST API endpoint that accepted image file uploads without any validation, size limits, or sandboxing. An attacker could exploit this flaw to upload malicious files disguised as images, potentially leading to remote code execution or exploitation of image-parsing libraries. The fix enforces strict file type validation, magic byte inspection, and upload size limits to close this dangerous attack vector.

#security#flask#python+4 more
O
orbisai0security
May 3, 2026
high8 min

SQL Injection in OceanBase Connector: How f-Strings Can Sink Your RAG Platform

A critical SQL injection vulnerability was discovered and patched in the OceanBase database connector used by a RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) platform, where user-controlled filter expressions were directly embedded into SQL WHERE clauses using Python f-strings without any parameterization or validation. This flaw exposed the platform's entire knowledge base to complete compromise, including unauthorized data access, modification, and deletion. The fix replaces unsafe string interpolation

#sql-injection#python#security+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 30, 2026
critical9 min

Double-Free Heap Corruption in Windows Clipboard Handler: A Critical Memory Safety Vulnerability

A critical memory safety vulnerability was discovered and patched in a Windows clipboard handler written in C, where heap-allocated memory was freed twice without nullifying the pointer, enabling potential remote code execution through crafted clipboard data. This type of double-free vulnerability represents one of the most dangerous classes of memory corruption bugs, capable of being weaponized by attackers to hijack program execution. The fix eliminates the unsafe memory management pattern, cl

#memory-safety#double-free#heap-corruption+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 29, 2026
high10 min

GitHub Actions Shell Injection: How ${{...}} Can Betray Your CI/CD Pipeline

A high-severity shell injection vulnerability was discovered and fixed in a GitHub Actions workflow file, where direct use of `${{ github.* }}` context variables in `run:` steps could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on CI/CD runners. This post explains how the attack works, what the fix looks like, and how you can audit your own workflows to prevent secrets theft and code compromise. Understanding this class of vulnerability is essential for any team using GitHub Actions in production.

#github-actions#shell-injection#cicd-security+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 27, 2026
critical9 min

Critical Heap Buffer Overflow Fixed in GeoIP Database Parser

A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in a GeoIP database parser, where raw `memcpy` operations were performed without proper bounds validation across three separate code locations. An attacker who could supply a malicious GeoIP database file could potentially achieve arbitrary code execution or crash the application. The fix introduces strict bounds checking before every memory copy operation, eliminating the attack surface entirely.

#security#buffer-overflow#cpp+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 25, 2026
critical10 min

Stack Buffer Overflow in C++ gRPC Server: How sprintf() Enables Code Execution

A critical stack buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the ik-llama-cpp gRPC inference server, where three unguarded sprintf() calls wrote formatted statistics into fixed-size stack buffers without any length restrictions. If exploited, an attacker could overwrite return addresses and saved frame pointers, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution on the server. The fix replaces the unsafe sprintf() calls with length-aware alternatives, closing the door on this dangerous memory co

#buffer-overflow#cpp#memory-safety+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 23, 2026
critical8 min

Decrypted Secrets in Plain Sight: Fixing AES Log Exposure in Java

A critical vulnerability was discovered in AESEncryption.java where decrypted plaintext was being printed directly to standard output, exposing sensitive data to anyone with access to application logs. This fix eliminates the dangerous logging pattern that completely undermined the purpose of AES encryption. Understanding this vulnerability is essential for any developer building applications that handle sensitive encrypted data.

#java#aes#encryption+4 more
O
orbisai0security
Apr 23, 2026
high9 min

GitHub Actions Shell Injection: How ${{}} Context Variables Can Compromise Your CI/CD Pipeline

A high-severity shell injection vulnerability was discovered and fixed in a GitHub Actions deployment workflow, where direct use of `${{github.*}}` context variables in `run:` steps could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the CI/CD runner. This type of attack can lead to secret theft, source code exfiltration, and complete pipeline compromise. The fix involves routing untrusted context data through intermediate environment variables before using them in shell scripts.

#github-actions#shell-injection#cicd-security+4 more
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orbisai0security
Apr 22, 2026
critical7 min

GitHub Actions Shell Injection: How ${{ }} Variables Can Compromise Your CI/CD Pipeline

A critical shell injection vulnerability was discovered and patched in a GitHub Actions workflow file, where direct use of `${{...}}` variable interpolation with GitHub context data in `run:` steps could allow attackers to inject malicious code into CI/CD runners. This type of vulnerability can expose secrets, credentials, and source code to bad actors. The fix involves routing untrusted input through intermediate environment variables — a simple but powerful mitigation that every developer usin

#github-actions#shell-injection#cicd-security+4 more
O
orbisai0security
Apr 20, 2026
high9 min

GitHub Actions Shell Injection: How ${{}} Variables Can Hijack Your CI/CD Pipeline

A high-severity shell injection vulnerability was discovered and fixed in a GitHub Actions release workflow, where direct use of `${{ github.* }}` context variables in `run:` steps could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the CI/CD runner. This type of vulnerability can lead to secret theft, code tampering, and full pipeline compromise. The fix involves a simple but critical pattern change: routing untrusted context data through intermediate environment variables before using them in s

#github-actions#shell-injection#cicd-security+4 more
O
orbisai0security
Apr 20, 2026
high9 min

Heap Buffer Overflow in giflib: When GIF Images Become Attack Vectors

A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered and patched in a vendored giflib library, where attacker-controlled GIF header fields could trigger memcpy operations that write beyond allocated heap buffers. Because the affected application fetches GIF images from external servers, this vulnerability was remotely exploitable — making it a high-priority fix for any mobile application shipping this code. The patch introduces proper bounds validation before memory copy operations, clos

#heap-buffer-overflow#giflib#android+4 more
O
orbisai0security
Apr 20, 2026
critical8 min

Critical Command Injection Fix: How os.system() Put AWS Workflows at Risk

A critical command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) was discovered and patched in `utils/aws/resume.py`, where unsanitized user input was passed directly to `os.system()`, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands. The fix replaces the dangerous `os.system()` call with Python's `subprocess` module, which provides proper argument separation and eliminates shell interpretation of metacharacters. This post breaks down how the vulnerability worked, how it was exploited, and what every d

#security#command-injection#python+4 more
O
orbisai0security
Apr 16, 2026