Security Research

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Page 5

critical7 min

How hardcoded API key placeholders in documentation happen in Python and how to fix it

A high-severity security issue was discovered in the Context7 API documentation where a hardcoded API key placeholder (`CONTEXT7_API_KEY`) could be copied directly into production code. The fix replaced the static string with a proper environment variable reference using `os.environ`, preventing developers from accidentally deploying exposed credentials.

#security#python#api-keys+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical6 min

How Server-Side Template Injection happens in Python and how to fix it

A critical Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the banks library (CVE-2026-44209) could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through template processing. The vulnerability was fixed by upgrading from banks 2.4.0 to 2.4.2, which patches the unsafe template handling in request handlers that process user-influenced input.

#ssti#template-injection#python+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical8 min

How buffer overflow in rcdevice.c request parser happens in C and how to fix it

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `src/main/io/rcdevice.c` at line 489, where the RC device request parser wrote incoming data into a fixed-size buffer without validating against the hard-coded maximum capacity `RCDEVICE_PROTOCOL_MAX_DATA_SIZE`. An attacker controlling the device's I/O data stream could overflow the buffer by sending a payload longer than `expectedDataLength`, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution. The fix adds a second bounds check against the

#buffer-overflow#c#embedded+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical6 min

How buffer overflow via unchecked memcpy offset happens in C++ PCL point cloud parsing and how to fix it

A critical out-of-bounds read vulnerability was discovered in `pcpatch_pcl.cpp` where the `readFloat` lambda performed a `memcpy` operation using an untrusted offset value without validating buffer boundaries. An attacker could craft malicious PCD point cloud files with large offset values to read memory outside allocated buffers, potentially leaking sensitive data or causing crashes. The fix adds a bounds check ensuring `f->offset + sizeof(float)` stays within the row buffer before any memory c

#security#buffer-overflow#cpp+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical8 min

How buffer overflow in stb_image.h memcpy happens in C image parsing and how to fix it

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in stb_image.h at line 4823, where a memcpy operation copied image data without validating buffer bounds. The multiplication of width (x) and channel count (img_n) could overflow or exceed allocated memory, allowing attackers to corrupt memory through malicious PNG files. The fix adds an explicit size_t cast to prevent integer overflow during the buffer size calculation.

#buffer-overflow#c-security#image-parsing+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical7 min

How buffer overflow in fgets() happens in C and how to fix it

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the `readline()` function of `mdbx_load.c`, where an `fgets()` call passed a size parameter exceeding the actual allocated buffer by one byte. This off-by-one error could allow an attacker to trigger heap corruption by supplying oversized input via stdin, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The fix corrects the size parameter from `buf->iov_len + 1` to `buf->iov_len`, ensuring reads never exceed buffer boundaries.

#security#buffer-overflow#c+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
high6 min

How buffer overflow happens in C sprintf() and how to fix it

A high-severity buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `src/GL/arbgenerator.c` where `sprintf()` was used without size bounds checking on an 11-byte buffer. The fix replaces unsafe `sprintf()` calls with `snprintf()`, enforcing strict buffer boundaries and preventing potential heap corruption or code execution attacks.

#buffer-overflow#c-security#sprintf+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 6, 2026
critical7 min

How heap buffer overflow happens in C dupstr() and how to fix it

A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the `dupstr()` function inside `tools/strliteral.c`, where `strcpy()` was called on a heap-allocated buffer without first verifying that `malloc()` had succeeded. If `malloc()` returned `NULL`, the subsequent `strcpy()` would write into address zero — corrupting memory and potentially enabling arbitrary code execution. The fix replaces the unsafe `strcpy()` call with a `NULL` check followed by a bounds-safe `memcpy()`, closing the v

#buffer-overflow#c#heap-corruption+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 5, 2026
medium8 min

How stack buffer overflow happens in C PMenu_Do_Update() and how to fix it

A stack buffer overflow in `PMenu_Do_Update()` within `src/menu/menu.c` allowed repeated unchecked `sprintf()` calls to overflow a fixed 1400-byte stack buffer when menu entries contained long text strings. The fix replaces every `sprintf(string + strlen(string), ...)` call with `snprintf(string + len, sizeof(string) - len, ...)`, tracking remaining buffer space and preventing writes beyond the buffer boundary.

#buffer-overflow#c#security+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 5, 2026
critical8 min

How buffer overflow happens in C TinyGSM sprintf and how to fix it

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in `TinyGsmClientSequansMonarch.h` at line 515, where `sprintf` was writing a two-character hex string into a buffer only two bytes large — leaving no room for the null terminator. The fix replaces `sprintf` with `snprintf` and increases the buffer to three bytes, preventing a one-byte overflow that could corrupt adjacent memory in embedded firmware.

#buffer-overflow#c-cpp#embedded-security+5 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 5, 2026
critical5 min

How out-of-bounds array access happens in C kernel modules and how to fix it

A high-severity out-of-bounds array access vulnerability was discovered in the natflow_conntrack.c kernel module where the `ct->proto.tcp.state` value was used directly as an array index without bounds validation. An attacker capable of manipulating TCP connection state could trigger reads beyond the `tcp_conntrack_names[]` array, potentially leaking kernel memory or causing system crashes. The fix adds a simple bounds check using `ARRAY_SIZE()` before array access.

#security#c#kernel+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 5, 2026
high6 min

How missing Dependabot cooldown happens in GitHub Actions CI/CD and how to fix it

A high-severity supply chain vulnerability was discovered in a `.github/dependabot.yml` configuration that lacked a cooldown period, meaning Dependabot could immediately propose updates to newly published (and potentially malicious) package versions. The fix adds a `cooldown` block with `default-days: 7` to enforce a 7-day waiting period before suggesting updates, giving the community time to detect and flag compromised packages.

#supply-chain-security#dependabot#github-actions+4 more
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orbisai0security
Jul 5, 2026