Security Research

Security Blog

Page 42

critical7 min

How Telegram OAuth hash validation bypass happens in PHP and how to fix it

A critical vulnerability in the Telegram OAuth provider allowed attackers to bypass authentication by submitting fabricated hash values without cryptographic validation. The fix replaces an unsafe string comparison with PHP's constant-time `hash_equals()` function, preventing timing attacks and ensuring all user data parameters are properly validated against the HMAC-SHA256 signature.

#security#php#oauth+4 more
A
anupamme
Jul 25, 2026
high5 min

How secrets: inherit over-privilege happens in GitHub Actions reusable workflows and how to fix it

A high-severity security finding was identified in `templates/claude-workflow/workflows/claude.yml` where `secrets: inherit` passed every repository secret to a reusable workflow, violating the principle of least privilege. The fix explicitly passes only `CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN`—the single secret the called workflow actually needs—drastically reducing the blast radius if the reusable workflow is ever compromised.

#security#github-actions#secrets-management+5 more
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anupamme
Jul 25, 2026
medium7 min

How integer underflow in array splice operations happens in C and how to fix it

A critical integer underflow vulnerability was discovered in tree-sitter's array.h header file, where the `_array__splice()` function calculated array sizes without proper bounds checking. The vulnerable code relied on assert() statements that are disabled in release builds, allowing arithmetic underflow when `old_count > *size + new_count`, potentially causing memory corruption through out-of-bounds memcpy operations.

#c#integer-underflow#buffer-overflow+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 25, 2026
critical6 min

How Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) happens in JavaScript fetch() and how to fix it

A critical Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in `popup.js` allowed attackers to inject malicious URLs from scraped webpages directly into fetch() calls, potentially accessing internal network resources and AWS metadata endpoints. The fix adds URL validation to ensure only HTTP/HTTPS protocols are used and blocks requests to private IP ranges and localhost addresses.

#security#ssrf#javascript+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 25, 2026
high6 min

How NO_PROXY bypass via crafted URL happens in Node.js axios and how to fix it

A high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-42043) in axios versions prior to 1.15.1 allowed attackers to bypass NO_PROXY environment variable restrictions using specially crafted URLs. This meant HTTP requests intended to stay internal could be routed through an attacker-controlled proxy, potentially exposing sensitive data. The fix upgrades axios to version 1.15.1, which correctly validates URLs against NO_PROXY rules.

#security#nodejs#axios+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
critical7 min

How JSON request validation bypass happens in Node.js API handlers and how to fix it

A critical validation bypass in the `/api/agents/jobs` endpoint allowed attackers to send malformed JSON with arbitrary properties that could trigger prototype pollution or unexpected behavior. The fix added comprehensive validation checks including array detection and property existence verification to prevent malicious payloads from reaching downstream processing logic.

#security#nodejs#json-validation+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
critical8 min

How Server-Side Request Forgery happens in Node.js httpProxy.js and how to fix it

A critical Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was discovered in `hubcmdui/routes/httpProxy.js` where the `/proxy/test` endpoint passed a user-controlled `testUrl` parameter directly to `axios.get()` without any validation. An attacker could exploit this to probe internal infrastructure — including AWS metadata endpoints, Redis instances, and private network ranges. The fix introduces a strict URL validation function that blocks private IP ranges, loopback addresses, and non-HTTP(S)

#ssrf#nodejs#javascript+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
high7 min

How DNS rebinding attacks happen in Node.js MCP and how to fix it

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) TypeScript SDK in version 1.17.1 lacked DNS rebinding protection, leaving applications vulnerable to a sophisticated network-level attack. By upgrading to version 1.24.0, DNS rebinding protection is now enabled by default, preventing attackers from exploiting the SDK's HTTP request handling to access internal resources or bypass security controls.

#security#dns-rebinding#security-vulnerability+5 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
critical5 min

How Remote Configuration Injection happens in JavaScript fetch() and how to fix it

A critical vulnerability in `js/config.js` allowed attackers to inject malicious configuration data through DNS spoofing or man-in-the-middle attacks. The application fetched remote JSON configuration from GitHub without validating the response structure, enabling arbitrary code execution through crafted payloads. A single validation check now ensures only properly-formed configuration objects are accepted.

#security#javascript#configuration-injection+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
high6 min

How shell injection via `${{` variable interpolation happens in GitHub Actions and how to fix it

A high-severity shell injection vulnerability was discovered in `.github/commaSplitter/action.yaml` where unsanitized user input was directly interpolated into a bash `run:` step using `${{ inputs.input }}`. An attacker could craft a malicious input string to escape the shell command and execute arbitrary code on the GitHub Actions runner, potentially stealing secrets and source code. The fix introduces an intermediate environment variable to safely pass the input without shell interpretation.

#github-actions#shell-injection#command-injection+4 more
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anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
high6 min

How command injection happens in Ruby backticks and how to fix it

A Jekyll plugin used unsafe Ruby backticks to execute a `git log` command with an unescaped file path, creating a command injection vulnerability. By switching to `Open3.capture2()` with argument array syntax, the fix prevents shell interpretation and eliminates the attack surface entirely.

#ruby#command-injection#security+4 more
A
anupamme
Jul 24, 2026
critical8 min

How unlimited batch API calls happen in React JSX and how to fix it

A missing batch size limit in `BatchModeRunner.jsx` allowed users to trigger unlimited LLM API calls by pasting thousands of items into the batch input field. This could exhaust shared API quotas in organizational settings where a single API key is distributed across multiple users. The fix introduces a hard cap of 25 items (`MAX_BATCH_SIZE = 25`) enforced directly in the `canRun()` validation function.

#security#rate-limiting#react+4 more
A
anupamme
Jul 24, 2026